Canada's Cordillera in the west features the Rocky Mountains, stretching 3,000 km with peaks like Mount Logan at 5,959 m—Yukon's highest and Canada's overall. The Selkirks and Purcells add to 54 peaks over 3,000 m, formed by Laramide orogeny 70 million years ago. Glaciers cover 200,000 km², feeding rivers like the Fraser (1,370 km). Eastern Appalachians peak at 1,652 m at Mount Jacques-Cartier, with ancient 500-million-year-old folds. The Canadian Shield's ancient craton averages 350 m, dotted with 2 million lakes. Arctic islands like Baffin reach 2,616 m at Mount Thor—world's tallest cliff at 1,675 m vertical. This vast topography includes 41 national parks with grizzlies and caribou.
